Mudra Loan Guarantor Aur Collateral 2026: Kya Sach Mein Zaroori Hai? RBI Ka Rs.20 Lakh Collateral-Free Niyam, CGTMSE Aur Bank Ko Kya Jawab Dein

Shabnam Meerut mein ghar ke neeche bakery aur cake counter shuru karna chahti thi. Rs.6 lakh ka project: oven, mixer, display counter, aur shuruaati maal. Bank ne file dekhi, sar hilaya, aur ek line bol di: "Guarantor lao, ya makaan ke kaagaz."

Shabnam ka makaan uske sasur ke naam tha. Padosiyon se guarantor ke liye poochha to sab ne bahana bana diya. Ek aadmi ne chupke se kaha, "Main ek jaan-pehchan wale se baat karta hoon, woh property ke kaagaz bana dega, bas Rs.8,000 lagenge."

Raat ko woh bistar par leti sochti rahi: kya Mudra loan ke liye sachmuch guarantor chahiye? Kya makaan girvi rakhna padta hai? Aur agar kisi ne jhoothe kaagaz bana diye, to kya hoga?

Sach yeh hai ki Shabnam ke bank ne ek aisi cheez maangi thi jo shayad maangni hi nahi chahiye thi. Is guide mein hum wahi baat khol rahe hain: mudra loan guarantor aur collateral ka asli niyam kya hai, 1 April 2026 se kya badla, aur bank ko sahi tareeke se kya jawab dein.

(Yeh kahani kalpanik hai. Naam, jagah aur rakam udaharan ke liye hain.)

QUICK ANSWER

Mudra loan (Shishu, Kishor, Tarun) collateral-free hota hai. Saath hi RBI ke 9 February 2026 ke circular ke hisaab se micro aur small enterprises ko Rs.20 lakh tak ke loan par bank collateral security nahi le sakta, jo 1 April 2026 ya uske baad sanction ya renew hue loans par lagu hai. Bank stock ya machine par primary security (hypothecation) lega, jo collateral nahi hai. Third-party guarantor ka zikr RBI ke summary mein nahi hai, to bank ki policy dekho aur likhit mein karan maango. CGTMSE guarantee cover bhi ek raasta hai. Jhoothe kaagaz ya agent ko paisa kabhi mat do.

1. Guarantor, collateral aur primary security: farak

Mudra loan guarantor aur collateral ko samajhne ke liye banking ki teen alag cheezein jaanni zaroori hain, aur log aksar inhe ek hi samajh lete hain. Isi se sabse zyada confusion hota hai.

Table 1: Teen alag shabd, teen alag matlab

Ek important baat: primary security ko collateral nahi kehte. Jab bank aapke khareede hue machine ya stock par hypothecation leta hai, to woh us paise ka hi security hai jo usne diya. Yeh collateral nahi hai. Collateral wahi hota hai jo loan se alag, apni jaiydaad se diya jaaye.

2. Mudra loan mein kya lagta hai

Mudra loan mein guarantor chahiye ya nahi, isse pehle yaad rakho ki MUDRA ek refinancing agency hai, loan seedha nahi deti. Loan aapko wahi bank, NBFC ya MFI deti hai jahan aap apply karte ho. Mudra ke teen tier hain: Shishu Rs.50,000 tak, Kishor Rs.50,001 se Rs.5 lakh, aur Tarun Rs.5 lakh se Rs.10 lakh. Tarun Plus (Rs.10 se Rs.20 lakh) sirf unke liye hai jinhone pehle Tarun loan chuka diya ho. Mudra loan collateral-free maana jaata hai, yani bank se alag makaan ya zameen girvi nahi rakhwa sakta. Ye tier-wise niyam mudra.org.in par dekh lo.

Table 2: Loan ke aakaar ke hisaab se collateral ka niyam

Table ki ek hi sharat yaad rakho: yeh niyam micro aur small enterprises par lagta hai. Aapka business Udyam registration ke hisaab se micro ya small hai ya nahi, yeh pehle check karo.

3. RBI ka naya niyam: Rs.20 lakh collateral-free (1 April 2026)

Mudra loan collateral free aur collateral free loan 20 lakh ka sawaal 2026 mein sabse bada badlav hai. RBI ne 9 February 2026 ko circular RBI/2025-26/206 jari kiya, jisme Master Direction on Lending to the MSME Sector mein amendment kiya gaya. Iska seedha matlab:

Table 3: Pehle aur ab (RBI amendment, 2026)

Yeh niyam un loans par lagu hai jo 1 April 2026 ya uske baad sanction ya renew hue hain. Matlab, agar aapki puraani CC limit ya loan April 2026 ke baad renew ho raha hai, to bhi naya niyam lagu ho sakta hai. Poora text RBI ki site par dekh lo, kyunki yahan di gayi jaankari news aur circular ke summary par aadharit hai.

Ek bahut zaroori baat: RBI ke circular ke summary mein third-party guarantee ya personal guarantee ka zikr nahi hai. Matlab, "collateral nahi" ka matlab apne aap mein "guarantor bhi nahi" nahi hota. Bank apni policy ke hisaab se personal guarantee ya co-applicant maang sakta hai. Par aapko poora haq hai ki aap bank se likhit mein karan poochho.

4. CGTMSE: guarantee cover aur fee

Mudra loan bina guarantee ke dilwane mein CGTMSE bhi kaam aata hai. CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises) ek aisi scheme hai jisme bank ko loan par guarantee cover milta hai. Isse bank ko collateral lene ki zaroorat kam padti hai. SBI ki site ke hisaab se CGTMSE Rs.10 crore tak ke loan par cover deta hai, aur Udyam registration zaroori hai.

IIFL ki site ke hisaab se cover micro aur mahila-led enterprises ke liye 85% tak, aur baaki MSMEs ke liye 75% tak hota hai. Yeh percentage CGTMSE ya bank se confirm kar lena.

Table 4: CGTMSE guarantee fee (SBI page ke hisaab se, 1 April 2025 se, GST alag)

SBI ka page 8 August 2025 ko update hua tha, isliye taaza dar CGTMSE ya bank se confirm karo.

Table 5: Fee ka udaharan (slab rate loan amount par laga kar, GST alag, udaharan)

Yeh fee lender bharta hai, par kabhi kabhi usey loan ki pricing mein jodh diya jaata hai. Isliye sanction ke time poochho ki aapse alag se kuch lag raha hai ya nahi. Fee pehle saal ke liye upfront aur uske baad saalana lagti hai.

Dhyan do: SBI ke page ke hisaab se jo facility collateral security ya third-party guarantee ke against sanction hui ho, woh CGTMSE ke liye eligible nahi hoti. Apvaad Hybrid Security model hai, jisme bank loan ke ek hisse par collateral le sakta hai aur baaki par CGTMSE cover deta hai. Facility pehle se kisi aur guarantee ya insurance se cover ho to bhi eligible nahi.

5. Co-applicant aur guarantor: farak

Kai baar bank guarantor ki jagah co-applicant maangta hai, jaise pati, patni ya parivar ka koi sadasya jo business mein sakriya ho. Dono alag hain.

Table 6: Co-applicant vs guarantor

Agar bank co-applicant maange, to dekho ki kya woh sach mein business ka hissa hai. Sirf formality ke liye kisi ko jodna uske liye bhi jokhim hai.

6. Default ho jaaye to kaun zimmedar

Isse samajhna zaroori hai taaki aap kisi ko guarantor banne ko kehne se pehle uska asar jaan lo.

Table 7: Default hone par kaun kitna zimmedar

Ek galat fehmi: CGTMSE cover hone ka matlab yeh nahi ki aapko loan nahi chukana. Guarantee bank ko milti hai, aapko nahi. Aapki repayment ki zimmedari barkarar rehti hai.

7. Collateral-free loan mein DSCR hi aapki security

Mudra loan bina guarantee ke ho ya collateral free, jab bank collateral nahi leta, to uske paas ek hi sahara bachta hai: aapki repayment capacity. Yaani DSCR. Isliye collateral-free loan mein project report ka DSCR sabse bada hathiyar ban jaata hai.

Shabnam ka udaharan lete hain. Bakery aur cake counter ka project Rs.6 lakh ka hai. Mudra Kishor loan 11% par, 5 saal ke liye. EMI Rs.13,045. Yeh sab figures udaharan hain.

Table 8: Saalana kamai (Year 1, udaharan)

DSCR = (PAT + depreciation + byaaj) / (principal + byaaj). Kyunki PAT = EBITDA - depreciation - byaaj, numerator EBITDA ban jaata hai. Isme byaaj sirf ek baar ginta hai.

Table 9: DSCR, teen saal aur sensitivity (udaharan)

Year 2 mein kiraya aur tankhwah 5% badhe maane gaye aur Year 3 mein wahi rahe. Minimum DSCR aam taur par 1.25 chahiye. Year 1 mein 10% bikri girne par bhi 1.46 hai, par 20% girne par 0.74, yani business ke paas EMI chukane ki capacity nahi bachti. Bank yahi risk dekhta hai.

Isse ek seekh milti hai: collateral na hone par bank ko apne project par yakeen dilana aapki zimmedari hai. Apna DSCR calculator ke saath check karo: https://mudraready.in/dscr-calculator. Aur DSCR ka poora tareeka yahan hai: https://mudraready.in/blog/dscr-calculation-for-mudra-loan

8. Bank "guarantor lao" bole to kya karein

Bank manager ke saamne ladna kisi kaam nahi aata. Sahi tareeke se, shaanti se, aur likhit mein baat karo.

Step 1: Pehle poochho ki guarantor ya collateral kis niyam ke tahat maanga ja raha hai. Step 2: Apna loan ka aakaar dekho. Agar Mudra tier ya MSE ka Rs.20 lakh tak hai, to collateral ka sawaal nahi banta. Step 3: Udyam registration dikhao, kyunki RBI ka niyam micro aur small enterprises par lagta hai. Step 4: Bank ko RBI ke 9 February 2026 ke circular ka zikr karo (circular number RBI/2025-26/206) aur poochho ki kya yeh loan us ke daayre mein aata hai. Step 5: Puchho ki bank ko collateral chahiye ya sirf primary security. Primary security par aapko aitraaz nahi hona chahiye. Step 6: Agar bank phir bhi collateral maange, to likhit mein karan maango. Step 7: Branch manager se baat ke baad regional ya zonal office ya nodal officer se sampark karo. Step 8: Bank ke grievance redressal system mein shikayat darj karo, aur 30 din tak jawab na aaye to RBI Integrated Ombudsman (cms.rbi.org.in) mein shikayat kar sakte ho. Step 9: CGTMSE ke vikalp par bhi baat karo, jisme bank ko cover milta hai. Step 10: Kisi bhi haalat mein jhoothe kaagaz ya agent ke jaal mein mat padho.

Agar aapko apni bank-ready project report, DSCR table aur sensitivity ke saath chahiye, taaki collateral ke bina bhi bank ko yakeen ho, to MudraReady 10 minute mein bana deta hai. Pehli report free hai: https://mudraready.in/reports/new

Bank interview mein kya poochhta hai, yeh yahan padho: https://mudraready.in/blog/mudra-loan-interview-bank-manager-kya-poochta-hai

9. Documents

Table 10: Documents (guarantor ya collateral ke bina bhi zaroori)

Poori list yahan hai: https://mudraready.in/blog/mudra-loan-documents-list-hindi

10. Step-by-step

Kadam 1: Apne loan ka aakaar tay karo aur dekho ki woh Mudra tier mein aata hai ya MSE ke Rs.20 lakh mein. Kadam 2: Udyam registration poora karo. Kadam 3: Project report banao jisme DSCR aur sensitivity ho. Kadam 4: Bank ko batao ki aap collateral-free loan ke liye apply kar rahe ho. Kadam 5: Primary security (hypothecation) ke liye taiyaar raho. Kadam 6: Agar bank co-applicant maange, to dekho ki woh sach mein business ka hissa hai. Kadam 7: Agar guarantor ya collateral maange, to likhit mein karan maango. Kadam 8: Zaroorat padne par CGTMSE ke baare mein poochho. Kadam 9: Sanction letter mein security aur guarantee ki shartein dhyan se padho. Kadam 10: Loan milne ke baad EMI samay par chukao.

Rejection Ke Udaharan: Bank Ne Kya Kaha Aur Fix Kya Hai

Yeh cases udaharan ke liye hain. Naam, umar aur sheher kalpanik hain.

Case 1: Shabnam, 33, Meerut

Kya hua: Bank ne Rs.6 lakh ke loan par guarantor maanga, aur usne Rs.8,000 mein jhoothe property papers banwane ki baat suni.

Bank ne kya kaha: "Guarantor ya collateral chahiye."

Exact fix: Jhoothe kaagaz kabhi nahi. Udyam registration dikhao, RBI ke Rs.20 lakh wale circular ka zikr karo, aur likhit mein karan maango. Jhoothe kaagaz fraud hote hain aur aap par kanooni karyavahi ho sakti hai.

Case 2: Ramesh, 45, Bareilly

Kya hua: Usne apne bhai ko guarantor banaya, par bhai ka khud ka loan chal raha tha.

Bank ne kya kaha: "Guarantor ki khud ki zimmedari zyada hai."

Exact fix: Guarantor ki zarurat hai bhi ya nahi, pehle yeh pooch lo. Agar zaroori ho, to aisa guarantor lo jiski apni financial sthiti theek ho. Zyada behtar hai ki co-applicant ya CGTMSE ka vikalp dekho.

Case 3: Lata, 39, Satara

Kya hua: Bank ne CGTMSE cover lagaya par uske upar se makaan ke kaagaz bhi maange.

Bank ne kya kaha: "Hum dono security lenge."

Exact fix: CGTMSE ke niyam ke hisaab se collateral security aur third-party guarantee ke saath facility aam taur par cover ke liye eligible nahi hoti (Hybrid model ko chhodkar). Bank se is vishay mein likhit mein poochho.

Case 4: Farhan, 28, Bhopal

Kya hua: Usne Rs.6 lakh ka loan Mudra Kishor mein maanga, par bank ne kaha ki makaan girvi rakho.

Bank ne kya kaha: "Hamari policy hai."

Exact fix: Mudra Shishu, Kishor aur Tarun collateral-free maane jaate hain. Bank se poochho ki kis niyam se. Zonal office ya nodal officer se baat karo, aur jawab na mile to 30 din baad RBI Integrated Ombudsman se sampark karo.

Case 5: Kavita, 36, Rohtak

Kya hua: Uska DSCR 1.18 aaya aur bank ne guarantor maang liya.

Bank ne kya kaha: "Repayment capacity kam hai, isliye guarantor chahiye."

Exact fix: Guarantor ki jagah loan chhota karo ya tenure badhao taaki DSCR 1.25 se upar aaye. Is tarah ki aur wajahein yahan padho: https://mudraready.in/blog/why-banks-reject-mudra-loans

Fraud Se Kaise Bachein

"Guarantor arrange kar denge", "property ke kaagaz bana denge" ya "collateral ka intezam hamara" jaise offer fraud hote hain. Jhoothe kaagaz banwane par aap hi par kanooni karyavahi ho sakti hai. PIB ne 2026 mein fake Mudra letters ke baare mein chetawani di hai, jinme Rs.350, Rs.6,550 aur Rs.7,699 ki "processing fee" maangi gayi.

• Mudra koi agent ya middleman appoint nahi karta.
• Approval WhatsApp ya social media se nahi aata.
• Loan sirf bank, NBFC ya MFI ke through milta hai, aur approval ke liye koi advance fee nahi lagti.
• Subsidy ya "loan release fee" ke naam par koi paisa maange to samajh jao fraud hai.

Kya karein:

• Paisa mat bhejo.
• OTP, Aadhaar ya bank details share mat karo.
• Branch mein ja kar verify karo.
• cybercrime.gov.in ya 1930 par report karo.

Poori guide: https://mudraready.in/blog/mudra-loan-fraud-fake-call-whatsapp

Myths vs Facts

Myth 1: Mudra loan ke liye makaan girvi rakhna hi padta hai.

Sach 1: Mudra Shishu, Kishor aur Tarun collateral-free maane jaate hain. Bank se alag makaan ya zameen girvi nahi rakhwa sakta.

Myth 2: Primary security aur collateral ek hi cheez hain.

Sach 2: Primary security wahi hai jo loan se kharidi cheez par bank ka hak hai (machine, stock). Collateral alag se diya gaya makaan, zameen ya FD hota hai.

Myth 3: RBI ka Rs.20 lakh wala niyam purane loans par bhi lagta hai.

Sach 3: Yeh niyam 1 April 2026 ya uske baad sanction ya renew hue MSE loans par lagta hai.

Myth 4: Collateral-free loan ka matlab hai ki guarantor bhi nahi lagega.

Sach 4: RBI ke circular ke summary mein guarantor ka zikr nahi hai. Bank apni policy se personal guarantee ya co-applicant maang sakta hai. Likhit mein karan maango.

Myth 5: CGTMSE cover hone par loan chukana zaroori nahi.

Sach 5: Guarantee bank ko milti hai, aapko nahi. Aapki repayment ki zimmedari barkarar rehti hai.

Myth 6: Agent se guarantor ya kaagaz arrange karwana safe hai.

Sach 6: Jhoothe kaagaz fraud hain aur aap par kanooni karyavahi ho sakti hai. Mudra koi agent appoint nahi karta.

FAQs

Mudra loan ke liye guarantor chahiye?

Mudra Shishu, Kishor aur Tarun collateral-free maane jaate hain. Guarantor ya co-applicant ki baat bank ki policy par depend karti hai, kyunki RBI ke circular ke summary mein third-party guarantee ka zikr nahi hai. Agar bank maange, to likhit mein karan poochho aur apna DSCR saaf dikhao.

Kya Mudra loan mein collateral dena padta hai?

Nahi, Mudra Shishu, Kishor aur Tarun collateral-free maane jaate hain. Bank aapke khareede hue machine ya stock par primary security (hypothecation) le sakta hai, jo collateral nahi hai. Apne makaan ya zameen ke kaagaz girvi rakhna zaroori nahi hona chahiye.

RBI ka Rs.20 lakh collateral-free niyam kya hai?

RBI ne 9 February 2026 ke circular ke zariye MSE ke liye collateral-free limit Rs.10 lakh se badha kar Rs.20 lakh kar di. Yeh niyam 1 April 2026 ya baad sanction ya renew hue loans par lagta hai. Achhe track record par bank Rs.25 lakh tak bhi de sakta hai.

CGTMSE kya hai aur kitna cover deta hai?

CGTMSE micro aur small enterprises ke loans par bank ko guarantee cover deta hai, jisse collateral ki zaroorat kam hoti hai. SBI ke hisaab se cover Rs.10 crore tak ke loan par milta hai, aur Udyam registration zaroori hai. Cover percentage CGTMSE ya bank se confirm karo.

CGTMSE guarantee fee kitni hoti hai?

SBI ke page ke hisaab se 1 April 2025 se Rs.10 lakh tak ke loan par fee 0.37% hai (GST alag), aur Rs.10 se Rs.50 lakh par 0.55%. Fee lender bharta hai par kabhi loan ki pricing mein jud jaati hai. Taaza dar bank ya CGTMSE se confirm karo.

Co-applicant aur guarantor mein kya farak hai?

Co-applicant loan mein saath ka borrower hota hai aur shuru se zimmedar hota hai. Guarantor tabhi zimmedar banta hai jab borrower chukane mein fail ho. Dono ka CIBIL par asar padta hai. Kisi ko sirf formality ke liye mat jodo.

Bank guarantor maange to kya karein?

Shaanti se poochho ki kis niyam ke tahat maanga ja raha hai. Apna loan ka aakaar aur Udyam registration dikhao, aur RBI ke 9 February 2026 ke circular ka zikr karo. Likhit mein karan maango. Phir bhi na mane to nodal officer ya RBI Integrated Ombudsman se sampark karo.

Kya makaan ke kaagaz girvi rakhne padte hain?

Mudra aur Rs.20 lakh tak ke MSE loan mein aam taur par nahi. Bank stock aur machine par primary security legi. Agar bank phir bhi makaan ke kaagaz maange, to likhit mein karan maango aur zonal ya nodal officer se baat karo.

Kya agent se guarantor ya kaagaz arrange karwana theek hai?

Bilkul nahi. Jhoothe kaagaz fraud hain aur aap par kanooni karyavahi ho sakti hai. Mudra koi agent appoint nahi karta, aur advance fee nahi lagti. Paisa mat bhejo, OTP ya bank details share mat karo, branch mein verify karo, aur cybercrime.gov.in ya 1930 par report karo.

Collateral na ho to loan kaise milega?

Mudra aur Rs.20 lakh tak ke MSE loan collateral-free ho sakte hain. Isme bank aapki repayment capacity, yaani DSCR par bharosa karta hai. Isliye bank-ready project report, saaf CIBIL aur samay par EMI sabse bada sahara hain. CGTMSE bhi ek vikalp hai.

Conclusion

Shabnam ne agle din bank mein jaa kar apna Udyam registration, project report aur DSCR table rakhi. Usne shaanti se poochha, "Kis niyam ke tahat guarantor chahiye? Mujhe likhit mein chahiye." Manager ne ek minute ruk kar apne senior se baat ki. Do hafte baad Rs.6 lakh ka Mudra loan collateral aur guarantor ke bina sanction ho gaya, sirf oven aur mixer par hypothecation ke saath.

Mudra loan guarantor aur collateral ka sach yeh hai: loan ke liye aapka ghar nahi, aapki repayment capacity maayne rakhti hai. Niyam jaano, project report taiyaar rakho, aur kabhi kisi ko ek rupaya mat do ki woh aapke liye guarantor ya kaagaz arrange kar dega.

Aapke business ke liye bank-ready project report sirf 10 minute mein, Rs.499 mein. Pehli report free.

Abhi report banayein

Sources

• Taxmann, RBI circular RBI/2025-26/206 dated 9 February 2026 (Rs.20 lakh collateral-free, Rs.25 lakh provision, PMEGP, effective 1 April 2026): https://www.taxmann.com/post/blog/rbi-bans-collateral-for-mse-loans-up-to-20-lakh
• DT Next, RBI amends MSME lending directions: https://www.dtnext.in/news/business/rbi-amends-msme-lending-directions-increases-collateral-free-loan-limit-to-rs-20-lakh
• Drishti IAS, RBI enhances collateral-free lending for MSEs: https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rbi-enhances-collateral-free-lending-for-mses/print_manually
• SBI, CGTMSE (cover up to Rs.10 crore, fee w.e.f. 01.04.2025, hybrid security): https://sbi.bank.in/web/business/sme/sme-government-schemes/cgtmse
• IIFL, CGTMSE scheme (cover percentages): https://www.iifl.com/index.php/blogs/business-loan/cgtmse-scheme-india
• MUDRA official: https://www.mudra.org.in
• Udyam registration: https://udyamregistration.gov.in
• RBI complaint management system: https://cms.rbi.org.in
• Cyber crime reporting: https://cybercrime.gov.in

Disclaimer

Yeh jaankari sirf shiksha ke liye hai. Loan approval bank ki policy, aapki repayment capacity aur documents par depend karta hai. MudraReady koi loan nahi deta aur approval ki guarantee nahi deta. Scheme ke rules badal sakte hain, apne bank ya official website se confirm karein.

Last Updated: October 2026